Lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory swelling caused by a compromised, damaged, or improperly functioning lymphatic system. It occurs when the body’s lymphatic system suffers from a mechanical breakdown and is no longer able to properly remove cellular waste, excess proteins and fluids in the body tissues.

It often presents with asymmetrical swelling in a limb (arm or leg), although the trunk, head, and neck can be affected as well. Early symptoms can also include:

• Feeling heavy or full (in the affected area)

• Aching discomfort

• Fatigue with use

• Numbness or tingling

Recognizing and treating lymphedema in its earliest stages can reduce the risk of symptoms worsening to more advanced stages of the disease. Left untreated, this progressive condition can cause difficulty completing daily tasks; the physical changes in the affected area can affect self-image and mental health. There is no cure for Lymphedema, but it can be managed with complete decongestive therapy.

What can cause the lymphatic system to be compromised or damaged?

Some people are born with under- or over-developed lymphatic structures, which can lead to primary lymphedema. In the majority of cases, lymphedema is a secondary condition with an underlying cause – an event or illness that causes damage to the body’s lymph structures.

The most common cause of secondary lymphedema in the US in due to the treatment of breast cancer – lymph node removal, surgery, or radiation – although lymph structure damage can have other causes, such as trauma, obesity, or chronic venous disorders.

Most people who go on to develop lymphedema after cancer treatment do so within two to three years; however, once the lymphatic system is compromised there will always be a risk for developing lymphedema, and that risk increases with trauma or injury.

How quickly would I see results if treated?

When treated with complete decongestive therapy, which includes MLD, skin care, bandaging, and compliant self-care at home, clients see edema reduction (reduction in swelling and limb size) within 24 hours.

Lymphedema management occurs in two phases. Phase I is an intensive phase with multiple visits per week for MLD and bandaging. Limb reduction occurs rapidly during this phase, especially with disciplined self-care at home. As limb size reduction plateaus (often within weeks), therapy visits decrease, and ultimately the client will transition into Phase II - maintenance care and management at home.